How to Avoid Magnetic Saturation in Transformers?
Magnetic saturation arises when the magnetic core of the transformer reaches a point where it cannot further increase its magnetic flux density despite an increase in the applied voltage or current. To mitigate the problems of magnetic saturation, transformer design considerations and proper operation are crucial. Some approaches to address these issues include:
1. Using higher-grade core materials with higher permeability and reduced hysteresis and eddy current losses.
2. Increasing the cross-sectional area of the core to reduce the magnetic flux density and allow for a higher threshold of saturation.
3. Implement active cooling mechanisms to reduce temperature rise. Increase in winding temperature leads to higher wire resistance and further loss of power. The properties of core materials are also temperature dependent. Cooling and controlling the temperature helps to mitigate saturation issue.
4. Engineering judgment and optimum winding design can resolve the saturation issue. Use tap changers or adjust the primary winding turns and maintain a more stable output voltage under varying load conditions.